The protocol used does not support it. Back when texting first came out they used existing infrastructure and modified the messages sent to send and receive texts messages. I suspect when texting was created they did not think it would become as large as it became, it could also be size limitations.
I still remember when I was in college and the instructor explained the text messages I was paying extra for each one sent and received cost the phone company nothing to transmit as it was all using existing infrastructure.
Other fun fact. Caller ID that was used on landlines only sent the phone number, the carriers all subscribed to a database that mapped phone numbers to names. I ran into issues in the early 2000s where a remote carrier would have a typo in the caller ID info. This does being up an interesting point that you would think it would be easy enough to use the old caller ID database for SMS messages.
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