Simply put, it’s not a very efficient business model. The production of profitable amounts of opium from poppies requires massive fields and massive labor. So Afghanistan simply had the right factors to spawn the industry.
1) the weak and corruptible central government meant that they could grow the required amount of flowers to make a profit without fear of regulation
2) the international connections of the criminal/terrorists meant they had an easy way to sell it
3) those terrorist organizations were in need of money
4) Afghan farmers were used to hard work for low pay so the cost of their labor was cheap.
(Edit: changed “Afghani” to “Afghan” after several people pointed out my typo.)
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