Most satellites are low Earth orbit, from about 300-2,000 km. Just at 300 km there’s about 560 million square kilometers for them to float around in. But then there’s higher orbit, go up to 400 km and there’s another 580 million square kilometers of area, and so on and so on. That’s an awful lot of room for a few thousand satellites, making the odds of hitting anything pretty low.
But then they also track satellites and account for their positions when launching.
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