A lot of animation is done using wireframe and low-detail figures to sort of rough out the picture, to which high-quality details like lighting are applied.
The process of applying those high-quality details is called “rendering,” and it involves a ridiculous amount of math and calculating all the effects at every point in a picture… and that has to happen for each frame. The process can take a very long time because of the sheer amount of data that the renderer needs to churn through.
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