To answer the unanswered questions:
> why do some countries not have many of them?
Which countries did you have in mind? Most armed forces need a fair quantity of NCOs to operate, and so it’s pretty rare for there to be massive variation in NCO numbers. What might be the case though is that some armies don’t consider Warrant Officers to be NCOs and so that will reduce the numbers a bit.
A Warrant Officer is a senior NCO who receives a Warrant, or appointment, into a senior position. So a Sargent Major would usually be a Warrant Officer, although in armies like the UK Sargent Major is a job title (ie a posting) not a rank, and the rank they hold is Warrant Officer first or second class.
> Do these officers go through officer academy like ordinary officers?
No NCOs generally don’t go through Officer training
> why do some analysts say that having a strong NCO class is essential to a well-functioning arm
NCOs are where the experience in an armed force resides and overseas the management of day to day warfighting.
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