In circuitry, you can solve a complicated circuit by using node or loop analysis.
Node analysis involves writing an equation for each intersection in the circuit, because the total current at each node has to be zero. (Flow in = flow out.)
Loop analysis involves writing one equation for each closed path in the circuit, because the sum of all the voltage gains/drops around each path has to come out to zero.
Either way, you get a system of equations talking about the currents or voltages in the circuit and if you solve that (take it to reduced row echelon form, for instance) you’ve solved the circuit.
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