They base themselves off others or take similar traits as an homage or to represent ideas. For example the reason many ex colonial countries use tri color flags is because they are a symbol of republicanism and liberty while their colors may be cultural or a homage, for example the pan african or pan arab colors.
The Italian flag was inspired by the French flag which was inspired by the Dutch flag. The Dutch flag also inspired the Russian flag which in turn inspired many of the flags of other Slavic countries. Many national flags in the Middle East and North Africa incorporate the pan-Arabic colors of black, red, green, and white. The Danish flag, a white cross on a red field, inspired the flags of other Scandinavian nations.
An important trait for any national flag is to be quickly recognizable at a distance, which somewhat limits the patterns and features available. That’s why tricolor flags are so common.
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