is there any military tactic to counter a nuclear warhead once it’s launched?
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In addition to what others have mentioned regarding airborne weapons, there is a pretty extensive set of closely guarded knowledge regarding ICBM interceptors. Exo-atmospheric kill vehicles are extremely fast maneuverable platforms that blur the line between spacecraft and missiles. These systems are launched when early warning radar detects an ICBM launch from enemy territory. The vehicles are intended to launch into an opposing trajectory, quickly identify the inbound warheads while they are still in space, and either kinetically or explosively destroy the threat.
As a consequence of the development of these systems, there was a cat-and-mouse game as offensive and defensive counter measures were developed. Some declassified examples of these are multi-vehicle trackers to combat MIRV ICMBs, reflective radar decoy balloons to create extra false targets, sacrificial vehicles to denotate early allowing empty balloons to be ID’d by the fact they they are pushed farther by a blast than empty decoys.
[Exo-atmospheric Kill Vehicles](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnofCyaWhI0)
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