DKIM uses digital signatures in an email to confirm that an email isn’t altered while in transit. DNS stores the public key of the sending domain so the receiving domain can validate.
DMARC is the set of policies used to decide how to handle messages that don’t pass the other tests. DMARC is also stored in DNS.
SPF is the method by which receiving domains determine if an email was actually sent by a server that is authorized by the sending domain to send that domain’s emails. The SPF configuration is also stored in DNS.
These are all email security standards that leverage DNS txt records to specify config/authorization.
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