They don’t know. Space can be flat, have a positive curve, or a negative curve. If its flat or negative it doesn’t have a boundary and is infinite in all directions(in current theories). If its positively curved, it still doesn’t have a boundary, but if you travel in a straight line your path will eventually come back to your starting point.
The issue is that ANY curvature, no matter how small, counts. Right now our best measurements indicate its likely flat, but there is still uncertainty to the positive/negative. You have to be able to get a perfectly accurate measurement for flat (which is supposedly impossible), or one where there error margin is only in positive or negative for the curved spaces to know for certain which way it is.
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