Assuming everything else is equal (vehicle size, weight, driving style, tires), how do you make ICE engines be more fuel efficient? I noticed my dad’s 1996 Nissan Pathfinder V6 consumes 13L/100km (mixed driving) while a newer V6 is 9L/100km. Car manufacturers claim their engines are “more fuel efficient”, how do they accomplish that?
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* Better control and delivery of fuel (faster sensors and computers) = less unburnt/wasted fuel going out the exhaust.
* Higher compression = higher tempurature = higher thermal efficiency.
* Higher tolerances in construction = less friction losses.
* More advanced intake and exhaust system design = less “pumping” losses. (air and exhaust move through the engine more freely)
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