particle creation by black holes
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It’s an idea, so not confirmed by observations yet and the idea came up to explain black holes otherwise violating the laws of thermodynamics.
In simple terms it would be basically like this:
All the time “vacuum fluctuations” happen, where from nothing both a particle and it’s antiparticle are born, and immediately destroy each other again. Near black holes the gravity gradient is so steep that one of these particles gets pulled into the black hole while the other one is able to escape. Net particles are created, and the black hole “pays” for that by shrinking to keep the overall energy in the universe the same.
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