When you turn on an electric kettle, the heating element inside starts to warm up. This heat transfers to the water, causing it to form tiny bubbles of steam at the bottom. These bubbles rapidly rise and collapse as they hit cooler water, making a lot of noise. Once the water gets hot enough, the bubbles rise smoothly to the top, and the noise decreases. So, the noise is mostly from those bubbles forming and collapsing before the water boils.
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