An electric kettle has quite a quiet small heat source with high power, it will heat up the water just beside it a lot faster than most of the water in it.
When you heat water hot enough it can produce a vapour above the air and water pressure and the bubble will expand and can detach and flow to the surface. When the bubble gets in contact with cooler water above it cools down and the pressure drops, when it is below the air and water pressure the bubble get compressed back to a liquid. It is the shockwaves of water slamming together that cause the sound. This is called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation)
In a kettle on a stow, the heating is slower and more spread out so water has a chance to mix. The temperature is more uniform and you get less bubbles that collapse so less sound is produced.
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLtG85oS6Yk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLtG85oS6Yk)
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