I’ll take a try at this from my understanding, basically polarized sunglasses use a filter that blocks out certain polarizations of light. An easy example is saying each polarization of light has a shape. Light changes it’s polarization or “shape” when it bounces off things. The sunglasses have microscopic slits that filter out any shape they don’t want through. So you want to let through sun light for example, but not the glare off of the surface of a lake.
This also is evident in most video screens these days have a polarizing filter on them to keep the light organized into the “shape” it wants. So when you look at a screen with polarized sunglasses, it compounds the filtering and gives you the rainbow colors or total loss of image from your cell phone screen for example. You can test this by looking at a screen with polarized glasses, and turn your head or the screen 90 degrees and see how the effect changes as you change the orientation of the light coming from the screen to your eyes.
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