All the functions have a particular shape and they’re called “parent functions.”
Linear y=x (and y=mx+b) is a straight line, absolute value,y=abs(x) look like a V
quadratics, y=x^2 are U shaped (parabolic) then can open up or down. Why? Because as x increases y is squared (x=1,y=1, x=2,y=4, etc) but as x decreases (other side if zero and negative) the square is positive because a negative times a negative is positive . X=-1, y=+1, x=-2, y=+4.
Sometimes a quadratic has a negative before the square, y=-x^2. So anything squared will turn negative. That’s when the U flips upside down
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