Buffers are mindboggling. In essence they are molecules that interfere with H+ (which is the particle of acidity sorta) – if you pour an acid in water, the pH goes down (there is more free H+ that wants to react with things around it and for example melt/burn your hand if you pour acid on it). If you add a buffer to that water, it reacts with the H+, without actually being too basic/alkaline on its own. Same goes the other way.
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