Its for really, really big and very, very small numbers which you will get to when you are dealing with atoms and chemistry as well as astro-physics.
Like the number of atoms in 1 mol of an element. Its a 6 with 23 zeros after it. Who has time to write that? Its 6.02*10^23. Much easier to write that than to write 620,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
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