As a native Spanish speaker, I just explained this one to my 10 year not long ago. Sorry if my mnemonic is odd lol:
Estoy – think of describing a physical state or location. Think of estoy looking like the word state. Obviously not cognates but ya know, directionally similar looking
Estoy cansado
Estoy enfermo
Estoy en mi casa
Describing states or location.
Soy – think of simple adjectives or telling your name.
Soy alto
Soy Carlos
Soy vago
Clicked for him.
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