The difference is really between spirituality and *ritual*.
Spirituality is all that, well, spiritual stuff: belief in higher things (such as gods), supernatural abilities and phenomenons, purpose and teleology… There’s not much to say about that. I mean, there is, but not on this sub and not by me.
Ritual is some sort of behavior for which you have rules. Rituals can be entirely personal, as in something that only you do and only you have the rules for that, such as putting your left shoe on before the right. Or they can be share between many people, and all of them know the same rules (or at least they think all the other people know the same rules) such as getting presents on Christmas. Rituals can be secular, like shaking someones hand when you meet them. Or they can be spiritual, like the Christian mass. The rules can be written down somewhere and they can be controlled by some authoritative institution (like in the case of catholic mass), but often they are not, they can be just given by way of word (like in the case of a lot of secular rituals we have, like shaking hands).
Religion is basically what you get when you combine spirituality and ritual.
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