There are a lot of conflicting studies, many of which have their own flaws. As far as I can tell, we don’t have any fully accepted theories. The best I could find was a phenomena known as compensation, where people are “ingesting calories later to compensate for energy deficit caused by [artificial sweeteners]”. Basically, you trick your body into thinking it’s going to get a lot of sugar, and then you don’t give it any, so it sends messages to your brain that it’s still hungry for sugar, leading you to eat more than you would have if you drank a soda.
[The study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4899993/)
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