Imagine a rubber ducky in a bath. If you bop the rubber ducky on the head, it will start to bob up and down.
The Brunt-Väisälä frequency is a measure of how fast the ducky bobs up and down, except that instead of being about duckies, the Brunt-Väisälä frequency is about how fast bits of water or other liquids mix up and down in fluids.
Asteroseismology is the study of how the super-hot gasses in stars mix, so the Brunt-Väisälä frequency is about how fast they are doing that.
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