I know a brushed motor is mechanical and brushless is electric. Brushless is more efficient and creates less heat. But how does each work and why is there an advantage of one over the other?
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Brushed is still electric. They’re both types of electric motors.
In a brushless motor the electric field generated is constantly changing, which produces a rotating force on the motor to turn it around. You can think of this as AC, though in reality if you call it a brushless motor it’s probably technically DC being converted to a somewhat ac signal.
In a brushed motor the supply is DC. It always pushes in one direction. This would result in the motor doing a half turn and no more. To get around this there is a physical brush that skims over the rotating part – as it rotates the connections reverse when the motor turns to the other side which reverses the push of the DC current and results in a rotating field, which rotates the motor
You can think of a brushed motor like a bike pedal. Without a brush it will only push down, it cannot pull up. Your pedal will go down and never back up, and you can’t cycle. The brush reverses things and allows you to pull up, meaning you can actually move. When it gets back to the top it reverses again and you can now push again.
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