They’re discs that store and read data using pits and lasers. The main difference is that BluRay uses a blue laser instead of a red laser, or bluray uses a higher frequency/shorter wavelength of light than DVD for its laser. This allows a BluRay to hold a lot more data than a DVD. Why a DVD only has a SD resolution movie on it but a BluRay can have an HD to 4K movie on it.
Edit: Added Higher frequency and Shorter wavelength.
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