Pressure itself does not cause such damage. It is the pressure difference which does damage. In the case of a submarine the inside is atmospheric pressure while the outside have huge pressure. So there was a huge difference in pressure across the hull. The Titanic was not sealed. Water could flood into every space inside the ship and increase the inside pressure at the same rate as the ship was sinking. So there were never any pressure difference between the inside and outside.
There were however a few sealed compartments inside the Titanic. Things like coolers, sealed tanks, etc. Most importantly the steam boilers on the ship were sealed to contain the pressure inside them during normal operation. Some of the boilers exploded on contact with water as rapidly cooling steel which have been super heated by the coal fire weakens the steel. But some of the boilers were cold enough to survive most of the way down to the bottom where they did implode, just like the submarine. We can still see the damage caused by the boilers imploding on the ocean floor.
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