the hubble tension
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There are two main ways of determining the expansion rate of the universe, and those two methods produce different results. One method starts with what we see in the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is the earliest light in the universe, and works forward from there, using what we understand about the universe’s evolution/development, to calculate how fast the universe should be expanding. Another method is to measure the distance of certain stars in distant galaxies which gives us insight into the current and past expansion rates. Both of these methods are legitimate ways to calculate the expansion rate of the universe, but they give incompatible results. We used to think we just needed better measurements, but even as the Hubble was superceded by the JWST and measurements improved, the Hubble tension remains. In fact, it’s a bit worse.
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