Like how does it actually happen and hurt? And why are there so many different causes that lead to the same sensation like eye strain, toothaches, even fatigue, etc?
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*Disclaimer: I am not a doctor*
A majority of headaches/migraines are caused by vasodilation, or a widening of blood vessels, within the head. When they become wide enough, they ultimately put pressure on the multitude of nerves, namely the cranial nerves, that also occupy the same area which lead to the sensations commonly associated with headaches/migraines. I would imagine that depending on the localization of such dilation would impact the symptoms of the headache/migraine, for instance pressure on nerves in the back of the head would be more closely linked to symptoms such as eye strain, blurry vision, sensitivity to light, whereas pressure placed on the trigeminal nerve (which is roughly located near the temple) would lead to pain in the face, forehead, jaw, teeth. It is also possible to have compression of nerves in multiple areas leading to a combination of symptoms. There are other mechanisms as well, vasoconstriction due to dehydration can also result in headaches by limiting the supply of blood/oxygen/nutrients to the brain.
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