Some combinations of notes have frequencies that blend well and those notes produce what is known as consonance, which occurs when sound waves coincide in a pleasing way. This happens when frequencies are related in simple ratios.
The frequencies of some notes clash when played together which results with the effect opposite to consonance aka dissonance in which sound waves interfere in a way that is unpleasant.
So when you hear certain notes sound good together, it’s because their frequencies form patterns that our brains find pleasing.
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