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It’s a bit complicated, especially to put into simple terms. Unified field theory tries to describe all fundamental forces in a single mathematical model. It combines the Theory of Relativity, which describes gravity on a cosmic scale, and quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of subatomic particles like quarks. Scientists have found that forces are actually mediated by tiny, tiny particles. The proton and neutron were thought to be the smallest particles but are made of smaller particles called quarks. The strong force, which holds quarks together to form protons and neutrons, is exchanged by a particle called the gluon. The weak force, which was discovered because it’s responsible for some forms of radioactivity, is exchanged by the W and Z Boson particles. Electromagnetism is mediated by the photon. When two electrons with the same charge come close, photons in a way push them apart. Quantum gravity still hasn’t been resolved by unified field theory, but some scientists suggest it could be carried by a hypothetical particle called the graviton. We still haven’t seen or found any gravitons yet because some of these particles are incredibly small and short lived. Scientists have seen concrete evidence of most of these particles at particle colliders, which smashes particles together and observes what happens and comes out. The Large Hadron Collider discovered another subatomic particle called the Higgs Boson. This is just scratching the surface too unfortunately.
If you would like a more in-depth and nuanced explanation, I would recommend this video: [The Standard Model of Particle Physics: A Triumph of Science](https://youtu.be/Unl1jXFnzgo).
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