Transfusion reactions, specifically transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Thank you.
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Transfusion reactions are an umbrella term for basically any adverse reaction to receiving a (blood) transfusion.
TRALI in particular is largely a diagnosis reached by excluding a bunch of other things. It’s mostly neutrophils doing the damage in the lungs, driven either by either anti-HNA/HLA antibodies or an unusually high level of various inflammatory cytokines in the donor’s blood (either of which cause neutrophils and many other cells of the immune system to get more trigger happy). That also comes with a few adhesion factors that cause the neutrophils to end up in the lungs.
Here’s a [decent overview](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507846/).
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