Like most popular music in the West, most hip-hop has four beats to the measure. That basically means you can count four taps or pulses before the pattern repeats, usually from the drums. A lot of what happens in the song will be based around that pattern, and there’s a natural “one, two, three, four, one, two, three, four” you can count throughout the song.
A triplet is when you try to jam three quick beats into the space of two beats in the song. Imagine you’re counting “one, two, three, four” and your friend raps “one-two-three-four-five-six” in the same amount of time. The beats don’t all line up, which creates more complicated and interesting rhythms that feel like they’re flowing quickly.
It’s easiest to understand with examples:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuplet?wprov=sfla1
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