Pagerank. Basically rather that just showing you results that happened to match the words that you searched for, Google would arrange the pages in order of “importance”. The way it determined this was how many other pages were linking to that page and how ”important“ those pages were. So if the New York Times website was considered important, and it linked to your website for some reason, that would make your website important as well. This algorithm has changed quite a bit since then, but that was how it originally worked.
When Google first started it had two features that made it popular:
* it had an extremely clean interface with a simple search box without the clutter and advertising that were features of its (then) competitors’ search pages
* its pagerank system that ranked site search results based on the quantity and quality of sites that linked back to the target site. This was a substantial improvement over its competitors which simply ranked sites based on keywords. Google’s ranking system was harder to “game” and resulted in substantially higher quality search results.
Google ingests tons of organic user activities from Chrome client to allow it to index and rank the results better. If you don’t opt-out, Google knows almost every link / page you visit online through Chrome.
see it yourself: [https://myactivity.google.com/myactivity](https://myactivity.google.com/myactivity)
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