Well, 8 bit gives you 2 ^ 8 = 256 unique values. If you use these as byte addresses, you can only address 256 bytes. 2 ^ 16 gives you 65,536 bytes which was a massive upgrade.
32 bit allows you to address 4 gigabytes, so this is effectively your maximum RAM size. 64 bit allows us to smash through that limit.
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