what are rotation measure and dispersion measure?

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And how does it relate to astronomy?

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Rotation measure (RM) is a measurement of how much a radio wave is rotated as it passes through a magnetic field. Dispersion measure (DM) is a measurement of how much a radio wave is dispersed as it passes through a medium.

In astronomy, RMs are used to study the magnetic fields of celestial objects, such as galaxies and black holes. By analyzing the amount of rotation, astronomers can deduce the strength and direction of the magnetic fields. DMs are used to study the interstellar medium, which is the material that exists between celestial objects. By analyzing the amount of dispersion, astronomers can deduce the density and structure of the interstellar medium.