**Shaders** are specialised computer programs that play a crucial role in rendering the graphics of video games (in a massively parallel way). They can also be used for general compute, although this is not always straightforward (think crypto currency for one common example).
More commonly, they are responsible for determining how light interacts with virtual surfaces, applying textures and colours, and creating various visual effects. In essence, Shaders act as the ‘digital artists and architects of the virtual world’, shaping the visual appearance of objects and environments. By manipulating the way light is reflected, refracted, and scattered, Shaders can create realistic and immersive visual experiences.
For instance, Shaders can be used to simulate the shimmering surface of water, the glossy sheen of metal, or the intricate details of a character’s clothing. Through the combination of different Shaders, game developers can achieve a wide range of visual styles and effects, from realistic to stylized.
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