Imagine the early universe as a perfectly smooth soup. Seed fluctuations are like tiny grains of salt sprinkled unevenly into the soup.
These “grains” represent minuscule differences in density in the early universe. Over billions of years, gravity pulled denser areas together, causing them to grow and eventually form the galaxies, stars, and planets we see today. The cosmic web is the large-scale arrangement of these structures, like clumps in the soup.
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