The difference is that a DSLR literally has a mirror behind the lens angled up to the viewfinder. When you hit the shutter, the “click” you hear is that mirror moving out of the way so that light can now hit the sensor. That’s why the viewfinder goes dark when you hit the shutter: because the mirror was the only thing letting you see through the lens. You can see that mirror when you take the lens off the body of a DSLR.
Mirrorless cameras use electronics to both look through the lense and to capture the light from that lense. You can see it when you take your lens off the body of a mirrorless camera. This is also why mirrorless cameras don’t have a click unless the manufacturer put one in there artificially since people are used to it. It’s also why they are so fast; since there is no physical mirror to move inside the body.
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