what causes a Fata Morgana?
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It’s the same phenomenon as mirages : several layers of atmosphere are at different temperatures, which means different densities too. Refraction is relative to density, so under the right conditions, light may be bent so much that it’s refracted in the observers’ eyes, creating the illusion of an inverted city/ship/whatever in the sky.
The [wiki article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fata_Morgana_(mirage)) explains it very well if you want more info.
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