Just about anything….boredom, innovation or necessity. HTML was invented because there was a need to make the newfangled WWW user-friendly compared to BBSs and Listserves. Some languages are invented to fill a mathematical niche, or a design niche, a technology niche, you name it. Some are invented just for fun or out of boredom, like most codegolf languages. Some are innovated to build on the model and successes of older languages and make them more usable/optimized for newer applications, like c++ –> Java. All depends.
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