Washboards on gravel roads are caused by trucks pulling heavy trailers like 5th wheels and toy haulers.
You can see it happen in real time if you ever see them grate the road you will notice its all nice and flat without any washboards. As soon as a truck pulls a heavy trailer up virtually any incline at all that’s where the first signs of washboards appear, they are caused by the torque of the rear wheels spinning out under the heavy load which leaves piles of dirt behind the tires and a shallow rut under the tires.
As more trucks drive the dirt road, especially ones pulling trailers the ruts become more pronounced to the point people start trying to avoid them which just causes them to stretch all the way across the road in many places…
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