What complex numbers are and what they are used for.
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To expand on some of the other info here, the sinus and cosinus functions are defined using a circle. While a normal equation, like x+3, would yield a straight line on a graph, the sin and cos functions draw a perfect circle. However, when you do math with these, you get some weird numbers that don’t make sense in reality, like a negative force when it should be positive.
Mathematicians then came up with “complex numbers” and when you use these numbers to calculate things with sin and cos, the results make sense and align with the real world
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