A consultant is normally a contractor rather than an employee, hired on a temporary basis to help with a specific task or problem. They may be an employee of a big consulting company, but they are not an employee of the company they are assisting.
Usually consultants are helping the owners or managers run the company better. But that can involve a wide variety of specialties.
For example, I was on the vestry of a church and we hired a consultant who specialized in assisting religious organizations. None of the people on the vestry had such expertise, and we were between ministers, so he helped a lot.
Besides specializing in niche industries, consultants may also specialize in particular parts of business management like strategic planning, finance, HR, or IT. They may assist companies of all sizes in all industries.
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