So imagine a street, at one end is a blue house and at the other is a red house. You have a locked briefcase with a message inside that you want to send to the red house
The problem you have is that you need to be able to send the data, but it also needs to be retrievable (they need to be able to open the briefcase)
What you do is you fit it with two locks, the first one only the blue house can open and the second only the red one can
So when you send the briefcase, you send it with the blue key, this means that if it is intercepted they can’t fully unlock it because they don’t have the red key
When the briefcase gets to the other house the person uses the blue key that was sent with it to unlock one lock, as well as their own unique key to unlock the other.
Doing that we can ensure that no third party can receive the information while it is being transmitted
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