In a basic sense: you write a message and send it to your friend. To get the message to your friend you hand the note to someone else, who then hands the note to someone else, who then hands the note to someone else, who eventually hands it to your friend.
in the meantime, every person who carries your note can read the note.
so to prevent everyone who carries the note from understanding the note, you write the note in a code. And only your friend can decode it. So all the people that carry the note may try to read it, but can’t understand it.
When you write the note in code (unlike having someone else do it for you) and your friend does the decoding themselves – that is end to end encryption.
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