A class is a category of things, such as plastic red square, or greet metal circle.
An instance is an actual single plastic red square that you made. Just having the words “plastic red square” doesn’t mean you actually have one in hand, you have to make one.
A reference is when you give something you made a name, so you can have you program do things with it.
“Make a plastic red square and named it Steve.” “Now, call the ‘paint it black’ function on Steve.”
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