They ask random people, but make sure the sample is “representative”, wich means they check wether all age/ethnicity/sex/education demographics are properly represented (because people of some demographics are less likely to answer such a questionaire, wich they have to compensate for)
The total samplesize is usually around 1000 people wich leads to an error margin around 1% (that’s the “law of large numbers”, the more people you ask, the more their answers will approach the average of the whole population)
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