I am a dentist who spent a year studying this topic and presenting it to my colleagues as a lecturer.
In simple terms sensitivity is a problem caused by microscopic tubes in our teeth that with sugar, cold, other stimuli can cause fluid movement in and out of the tubes that cause pain.
Desensitizing products can work in a few ways. The most common is blocking the tubes with things such as fluoride or other compounds that bind and block.
Lasers and potassium can also be used in some products to desensitize nerves.
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