In the case of a Friend of mine their son was born by cesarean section. Their son wasn’t able to digest lactose so couldn’t have dairy for quite some time.
The reason being is that he hadn’t received any his mums gut bacteria that are normally transfered during vaginal birth. Eventually however he picked the bacteria up from the general environment and is now able to dairy products perfectly fine.
Lots of things develop in the digestive tract, just like everywhere else in an infant’s body. As others have mentioned, gut bacteria are introduced and start to grow. Their liver, pancreas and gall bladder all start to work on their own versus being supported by the umbilical cord. Muscles and nerves in their intestines grow and form connections to allow for proper movement of food through the system. Even things like swallowing take significant co ordination of muscles and nerves that have to develop over time.
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