Logarithm is the inverse of exponentiation, for example:
10^2 = 100, log(100) = 2.
Note, for the logarithm you have to specify the base, for example:
2^5 = 32, log2(32) = 5, but log10(32) ~1.505…
Logarithms are sometimes used for plotting data that grows exponentially. For example if you were to plot inflation vs time, you’d find the growth so rapid you couldnt adequately visualize data from 50 to 100 years ago. Plotting the logarithm of inflation vs time, however, clearly shows a long term trend.
The mathematics goes way beyond these examples, so would only use them as a starting point. For example, you can describe rotations using logarithms, but the math can be advanced.
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