There was a rash of bold and deadly hijackings in the 1960s. In response the US established the federal air marshal service. While they are a law enforcement agency, their primary goal is security of high risk flights. Essentially they are a deterrent, meant to make the prospect of hijacking any US flight that much more risky. They were few in number until after 9/11, when they were placed under the control of homeland security and expanded. Their purpose largely remains the same though, pose a threat to any would be hijackers and enforce federal law in the airplane.
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